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''Edgar'' is an operatic ''dramma lirico'' in three acts (originally four acts) by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Ferdinando Fontana, freely based on the play in verse ''La Coupe et les lèvres'' (The Cup and the Lips) by Alfred de Musset. The first performance was given at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 21 April 1889. The opera was not a success. Puccini repeatedly revised it, before eventually giving up in frustration, declaring the work irredeemable. ==Development and revisions== ''Edgar'', Puccini's second opera, was composed on a commission from the publisher Ricordi after the successful reception of his first stage work, ''Le Villi''. The plot indicates the influence of Wagner's ''Tannhäuser''. Both centre on medieval knights struggling between a life of sensual indulgence and ideal love. Edgar is "torn between the sacred love of Fidelia and the profane love of Tigrana";〔John Louis Digaetani, ''Puccini the Thinker: The Composer's Intellectual and Dramatic Development'', Peter Lang, New York, 2001, p.17.〕 Wagner's hero indulges himself with Venus while pining for the love of Elizabeth. The gypsy-like figure of Tigrana (supposedly the child of "wandering Moors") also parallels the anti-heroine of Bizet's ''Carmen''. The original version had four acts and was tepidly received. In January 1890, Ricordi published a revised version, including a different ending for act 2. In the autumn of 1891, Puccini revised the work again, cutting the last act and producing a three-act version which would again be revised in 1905. In this final form the opera had even less success than in its original four-act structure. Some of the music that was cut in 1891 was reused in ''Tosca'' and became the beautiful act 3 duet, "Amaro sol per te m'era il morire!". The funeral march from act 3 was played at Puccini's funeral, conducted by Arturo Toscanini and the aria "Addio, mio dolce amor" (Farewell, my sweet love) from act 4 was sung. Puccini finally gave up on ''Edgar'' and in later years, bitterly repudiated the work. He wrote, On a copy of the score that he sent to a friend, the English woman Sybil Seligman, he wrote scathing remarks against parts of the score and amended the title to read: E Dio ti GuARdi da quest'opera! (And may God protect you from this opera!)〔Fisher 2000, p. 58〕〔Kendell 2012, p. ??〕 The autograph of the acts 1 and 3 of the original version is preserved in the Archivio Ricordi in Milan. The autograph of the acts 2 and 4, which was believed lost till 2008, is owned by Simonetta Puccini, the composer's granddaughter. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edgar (opera)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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